Exploring the Allegorical Nature of the Faerie Queen Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Allegorical Nature of the Faerie Queen Essay A purposeful anecdote †a type of expanded representation wherein articles, people and activities in a story, for this situation, The Faerie Queen, are likened with implications lying outside the account itself †speak to a reflection in the pretense of a solid picture, with characters regularly embodying unique characteristics. One perspective on Faerie Queen is that it is metaphorical in an unpredictable way. As a method of writing in a still to a great extent strict society (fifteenth century England), seeing The Faerie Queen as a moral story permits the peruser to see nature and history as possessing concealed perfect implications equipped for being uncovered to the tireless, commendable searcher. Like the idea of a â€Å"sugar-covered pill† The Faerie Queen’s metaphorical nature permits the writer (Edmund Spenser) to hide (to a great extent moral) thoughts from his perusers and uncovers them just to a meriting rare sorts of people who can go past appearances and see the truth about reality. One needs to buckle down in opening the shrouded implications for cognizance realized by tirelessness would be esteemed more by the human brain than one that is effortlessly gotten, I. e. Una had hidden herself until the Red Cross Knight had substantiated himself deserving of seeing her face at their pre-wedding assurance. On account of Duessa, the name itself appears to speak to duality, trickery as opposed to the one (Una) truth, as her job fluctuates starting with one book then onto the next. In Book I she epitomizes strict lie while in Book V it is political misrepresentation, showing up in the pretense of reasonable animals until the realities of her indecency are revealed a lot of like literature’s Circe the witch and her cup of toxic substance equipped for changing her shape in her intend to allure and detain her sweethearts. Spenser’s Duessa is particularly English as she has all the earmarks of being the combination of the conjurer Circe with the scriptural Whore of Babylon, I. e. Catholicism according to Protestant (Elizabethan) England. Her job is to a great extent restricted to deluding appearances and alluring the Red Cross Knight, as far as anyone knows speaking to the â€Å"false† religion of the Roman Catholic Church. Concerning Una, her personality is explained with indecencies mocking â€Å"true† religion as she seems to speak to the one, honorable truth among the wild, a ‘woman dressed with the sun’ and whose magnificence is a sign of Christ’s appealing effortlessness. As the embodiment of the â€Å"true† Church (the Church of England), she goes with the Red Cross Knight (as far as anyone knows speaking to England as its benefactor Saint George was said to have been a mythical serpent slayer) so as to spare her folks from a monster. With regards to the work’s strict tone, Una’s wanderings in the wild could be seen in the scriptural convention as the Church escaping the antichrist. After gathering her, the character of Abessa escapes in dread of Una and her lion, which likely speaks to the equity employed by Christ through the natural agents of His will. Una assumes the job of the sentimental courageous woman needing a daring knight to protect her from a good and whimsical fortune. She is the â€Å"truth† to the Red Cross Knight’s â€Å"nobility† yet they are isolated, until such when they beat their separate impediments and substantiate themselves deserving of a favored association. Her character is made to meander, and in Cantos 3 and 6 it is clarified that her advancement through the normal world is upward. Her experience with Arthur causes her better comprehend her predicament and what should be accomplished for her to have the option to rise above her torment and hopelessness. As it were, one could contend that Arthur speaks to divine intercession or basically fortune helping reinforce our ethical purpose at the hour of darkest human slightness. While Una speaks to the one truth, Duessa is the absolutely real trickery in Faerie Queen. The Red Cross Knight as he dives the universe of society (Cantos 4 and 5) in the organization of Duessa is equipped for seeing just surfaces. She is beguiling, yet does that make her essentially malicious? There is no uncertainty that Una embodies the great yet however Duessa may be her absolute opposite, it is more earnestly to discover whether she is out appropriately insidious or only beguiling. All things considered, individuals surely fail every now and then, we are both tricked and liars in our own particular manner, yet we are not censured so effectively as underhanded represented or posterity of Satan. However, since we are discussing moral stories in The Faerie Queen written to extol the rule of Elizabeth I of England, one needs to take note of the appearing need to criticize Catholicism, represented by Duessa, as the misleading foe to England’s Anglican Church represented by Una. Speaking to truth, Una stays hidden for the vast majority of the sonnet, revealing herself just when the Red Cross Knight is at last pledged to her (Canto 12) and when she is without anyone else ‘farre from all mens sight’ (3:4). Similarly as that of the House of Holiness, her ‘gates’ stay shut because of a paranoid fear of being assaulted for her magnificence. The method of reasoning for this is truth as a prize of incredible worth stays powerless against misuse, encapsulated in the picture of Una’s virginity, ‘that difficult forte’ (6:3) which should be protected until such time when she is prepared to give up it to somebody deserving of her. At the point when she is at long last uncovered, her excellence is depicted as blinding †‘The blasting brilliance of her wonders beame’ (12:23) †to loan confidence that reality isn't for the cowardly, and in the event that it appears to the average citizens is requirements to wear a cover as truth can't be passed on straightforwardly for it will in general visually impaired its crowd. At long last, for all its capacity truth is dressed in straightforwardness and expectation. As opposed to Duessa’s clothing of articles of clothing ‘gilt and stunning gold arayd’ (5: 26), Una enters ‘under a vele, that wimpled was full low. ’ Duplicity is partial to appears and of marching itself †Duessa is set upon a seven-headed mammoth †yet truth needn't bother with extravagant external articles of clothing to cover its normal magnificence. She can tame the lion, which perceives Una’s excellence and goodness and reacts to her suggestions as needs be, while it is by all accounts ready to observe Duessa’s genuine nature regardless of her beautiful appearance. fifteenth century Elizabethan England put incredible incentive on a woman’s excellencies, e. g. virtuousness, constancy, and so on. furthermore, this is suitably showed by Una who undauntedly defends her virginity, as opposed to Duessa who enjoys extraordinary alluring men with her ladylike wiles. Una speaks to modest love which sits tight for the ideal time, that is, with regards to marriage, before participating in sexual contacts. Duessa is a completely extraordinary issue she enjoys her control over men through her sexuality. Obviously for the moderate socially acceptable sexual behaviors of the time this was contemptible in a lady †she would handily be marked as a prostitute. A lady during those occasions was seen marginally superior to property, first as having a place with her dad, at that point to her significant other, and her value in the marriage showcase was frequently seen corresponding to her chastity, beside the size of her endowment. These days however, society has a progressively liberal view on the jobs of ladies, their capacities in the public eye and how they are required to act, and it is more diligently to completely sum up ladies as just being the eligible kind or those whom men should just dither with. Likewise, the impact of religion has altogether wound down †it no longer assumes such a focal job in the lives of the vast majority. In this way, cutting edge understandings of The Faerie Queen would not really take a benevolent perspective on Spencer’s delineation of ladies, especially in the event that one uses the women's activist point of view in fundamentally investigating the said work. Work Cited: Spencer, Edmund. The Faerie Queen. London: Penguin Classics, 1979.

Howard Gardner Biography

Howard Gardner was conceived on July 11, 1943 in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His folks were displaced people from the time of the Nazis, in Germany. As a youngster he cherished music, he later turned into an extraordinary musician. As a youngster he selected at Harvard University. Gardner began to examine different professions however finished getting roused by crafted by Jean Piaget to consider formative psychology.He is hitched to Ellen Winner, a formative therapist who educates at Boston College, and they have four kids together He invested some energy working with two unique kinds of gatherings, ordinary and talented youngsters and mind harmed grown-ups, Gardner started building up a hypothesis intended to blend his examination and perceptions. In 1983, he composed Frames of Mindâ which laid out his hypothesis of different insights. Gardner accepted that individuals had numerous various perspectives and learning.He has since distinguished and portrayed eight various types of knowled ge which are: Visual-spatial insight Gardner likewise recognizes spatial capacity as one which keeps going longest into mature age, Linguistic-verbal insight which Gardner assesses the significance of language in thought, and furthermore as far as music , Mathematical insight, sensation insight, Musical knowledge in which Gardner explores neurological reason for the melodic capacity, Interpersonal knowledge is identified with the manners by which we comprehend and react to others, Intrapersonal knowledge is generally about our psychological capacity to comprehend ourselves as people and Naturalistic insight has to do with a person's capacity to see designs in nature and to group them. He has likewise accepted that there may have been another conceivable expansion of a ninth sort which he alludes to as â€Å"existential knowledge. Gardner’s hypothesis has had one of the best effect in instruction In 1986 he began to educate at Harvard Graduate School of Education and started his job at Project Zero, which is an exploration bunch that concentrations in human discernment with an uncommon spotlight on expressions of the human experience and was made by the thinker Nelson Goodman with the point of improving learning in the Arts through research But Over this period Project Zero extended from its unique expressions learning base to incorporate examination into learning over a wide range of things. Howard Gardner's hypothesis of different insights has not been acknowledged inside scholastic brain science. In any case, it has met with a firmly positive reaction from numerous teachers. All things considered, Gardner has been an incredible therapist and his hypothesis has enlivened numerous instructors, regardless of whether it hasn’t or has been acknowledged in brain research training.

Franklins Informative Writings

Franklins Informative Writings The Impact of Franklins Informative Writings Home›Informative Posts›The Impact of Franklins Informative Writings Informative PostsIntroduction Benjamin Franklin is one of the most widely acclaimed and popular person in the American history. His undeniable charm and practical wit make him endearing. He was very committed, intelligent, and realistic to the middle-class virtues industry and thrift that make him commendable. He became the epitome of the first America to most people and thus referred to as one of the founding fathers of America. He was a great author and he came up with many pieces of writings addressing different important issues. Some of his pieces that are discussed in this paper include the remarks concerning the savages of North America, the rules by which a great empire may be reduced to a small one and lastly, information to those who would remove to America. However, the ultimate aim of this paper is to explain the pieces above in detail that any person may u nderstand them easily.Remarks concerning the Savages of North AmericaSavages refer to the manners portrayed by different nations concerning the perfection of civility. Different nations have different savages because each people have their own manners that differ from other people in other nations. For example, there are no polite people who do not have some shreds of rudeness or no people so rude that they do not have rules of politeness. The Indian men when they are young they serve as hunters and worriers. When they get old, they become councilors and this made them council of sagas. This means that no officers, no prisons to reinforce obedience or inflict punishment. Therefore, their main study is about oratory where the best speaker is the most influence (Franklin, p12). Indian women on the other hand dress the food, until the ground, nurse and bring up children after which they preserve and hand them down to posterity the public transactions’ memory.These basic actions of me n and women are accounted natural and honorable because they have minimal artificial wants as well as a lot of leisure time for improvement through conversion. However, in America the manners are very different as compared to the Indians. The American see it as being slavish and base and the learning that is highly treasured by Americans is taken to be frivolous and useless (Walter, p18). This was proved during the anno 1744 Lancaster treaty between Virginia government and 6 nations. The aim of the meeting was to settle the principal business deal among them. When all was settled, the Virginia commissioners explained to Indians that there was a college called Williamsburg that was willing to fund Indian youth be educated as well as the youths of the 5 nations.The Indian leader went on to say that there are some of their young men who were brought up at the Northern Province colleges where they were instructed in all sciences. After the course, the youths became ignorant of their own means of living, unable to withstand cold or hunger, unable to take a deer or kill an enemy, unfit for hunters, warriors, or councilors. In general, they were good for nothing and therefore they refused the offer (Houston, p31). They also suggested that they did not refuse the offer with bad heart and to show their gratitude, they were also ready to take good care of the young men of Virginia, instruct them, educate them and make men out of them. He goes on to talk about the politeness of the savages in their conversation, which do not allow them to deny the truth, and it helps them avoid disputes. The only problem is that you can never know their minds when you talk to them as they listen with patience and at last, they give the token of assent and approbation. You may think that you convinced them but that is not the case, it is pure civility.Benjamin goes on to give other examples showing the civility of the Indians. He gave the example of the missionaries who tried to convert t hem to Christianity and the Swedish minister who gave them historical facts about the principals of their religion (Franklin, p33). Instead of accepting what the Suedish minister told them, they appreciated and told of some of their historical facts. He goes on to say that when they visit the towns of whites; most people wish to see them, gaze at them and incommode them at their desired privacy. They normally attend meetings in their nation, which they call good teaching meetings. Benjamin once attended such a meeting when he visited his friend Hanson and he moved out when he became suspicious that they were talking about him and his beaver business. He goes on to tell how a foreign person is given a warm welcome with the whites, fed and provided with luxury sleeping place and in return, he gives nothing. When the same happens with the Indians, they will normally ask you for money and if you do not have, then you will be treated like a dog by being abused a stupid Indian and eventua lly chased away (Gary, p57). These I what they call good manners that they usually learn in their good manners meetings that is the vice versa of what the whites do as they were instructed by their mothers while young.The Tone used this pieceIn Remarks concerning the savages of north America, the tones that were employed by Franklin are technical, speculative and humanistic tones. the point that Franklin drove home using these tones is that the Indians had different behaviors and manners that made them reject the gospel and all the news about Christ that they were informed first by the missionaries and then by the Swedish minister. Franklin had grown up a Puritan and became a great supporter of the evangelical movement as he embraced the radical notion of egalitarian democracy. Franklin was a great evangelical advocate together with Whitefield and they fought hard to gain the religious freedom (Horne, p78). They claimed the liberty of conscience to be unchallengeable right of every rational creature. All this time, they employed the corrective and motivating tones to inform people that they had lost and that they should turn back to Christ. In the piece, he winded up by saying that the Indians had a poor civility as compared to the perfect civility by Americans. He meant that the Americans were far off in gospel as compared to the Indians who were nil and were still rejecting it because of their much faith in their cultures and traditions. This is absolutely different to what the ministers and evangelists of today do who only use the motivating and encouraging tones to gain favor from people that their churches may be full.Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small OneBenjamin Franklin wrote this piece to address all the Ministers who had extensive Dominions to manage where the greatness gave them trouble to govern as the affairs’ multicity leaves no fiddling time. The rules he gave out are as follows. To begin with, he said that a great empire is like a cake that could easily diminish at the edges. Thus, he urged them to focus on their remotest provinces where they could get rid of them in that order. Secondly, he said that there was high possibility of separating the provinces and taking special care of them as the mother country ignores them thus, they do not enjoy the same privileges and rights. They also have severe laws governing them (Cuizon P45). Thirdly, he talked of how the settlers acquired, purchased, or conquered the remote provinces without the Mother country’s aid. He went on to state that incorporation of these remote provinces was a privilege to the mother country as it increases its citizen’s number that in turn increase war strength, her commerce by the growing manufacturers demand, increase of naval power. Thus, it was a privilege to embrace the remotest provinces.Fourthly, however peaceably the colonies have delivered to the country’s government, responded well to the country’s interest, and pa tiently borne their lamentations, the country is supposed to predispose to revolt and treat them accordingly. Fifthly, the remote provinces should have judges and a governor to represent the royal person as well as executing the delegated office and authority parts everywhere (Hart and Leininger, p47). This is because, even the ministers are aware that the government’s strength depends on the opinions of the people. However, the selection of such people should be done carefully because these people may turn against the head of state. The best people to be selected are the prodigals who have ruined their fortunes or the stockjobbers. Sixth, confirmation of the impression can be done by striking deeper the suitor who comes with complaints of Mal-administration, oppression or injustice. Punish them with long delay, big expense and a final judgment that favors the oppressor. Another rule is that when such governors have crammed their coffers and made themselves so hateful to the peopl e that they cannot stay with safety any longer to their persons, remember and award them with pensions.Besides, when in war your colonies should be able to vie in liberal aids of men and money against the common enemy. In addition, when laying the taxes, never look upon the heavy burdens that the remote people already go through when doing things like defending their own frontiers, making new roads, supporting their provincial governments, building bridges, churches and other public edifices. Next is that the people may comfort themselves by saying that although they have no property, they have constitutional liberty to defend, both of person and of conscience (Jay, p67). Another rule is making the tax odious by misapplying the produce of it. Besides, you should apprehend the governors and judges who have the satisfaction and support from the people of any province. Urge them to continue treating people kindly   as well as doing them justice. Moreover, you should order harassment an d continuous dissolutions to the parliament of your provinces that dares to claim or complain of your administration. Be able to convert the brave and honest navy officers into pimping, tidewaiters and colony officers of the customs.Other rules that Benjamin Franklin gave out include; never believing in discontents that you are told in your colonies, assume they are general thus never think of applying any remedy or of changing an offensive measure (Franklin, p78). Let nothing offend you, even when the rival nations rejoice at the prospects of your disunion with the provinces, just ignore them and move on to settle all the challenging aspects.The Tone used in this pieceThe tones employed in this piece are ethical, incendiary and motivating tones where he employed a guiding style to all the governing ministers. He talked about the basic principles that need to be followed by the ministers who governed large dominions (Houston, p45). The piece was very effective and motivating in the politics of America since many dominions faced challenges that they could never overcome easily. Majority of the rulers in the US adapted the rules and they were all successful. Therefore, his guidelines and principles were very effective and they still apply even today. However, the politicians of today are very different in that they normally employ humorous and the laudatory tones to win the hearts of the citizens especially during campaign periods. They therefore employ the soft and humble tones to convince the citizens to vote for them.Information to those who would remove to AmericaIn 1784, Benjamin Franklin wrote another pamphlet titled information to those who would remove to America. This informative essay was printed out to the European people to make clear the rumors that spread about America being a land of dreams and fantasy. He clearly outlined what was important and needed by the Americans and what was not needed and not welcomed there. The essay puts clear the way th e American culture is portrayed and what they do greatly that is opposed by the Europeans. A chord within Franklin was struck by four main rumors. This made him furious and said enough is enough, the false accusations must end, and this is where this informative essay came into play (Thomas, p75). The rumors are as follows.To begin with, the rumor stated that the American people were rich and possessed a lot of properties and materials but they were ignorant. That was a false statement and Franklin proves it wrong by mentioning the America’s nine colleges or universities that have spread throughout the country. This was different from the four colleges that were located in New England. The second rumor was to admit that America was not in need of the people who wrote literature and artist and that if they move over they would not be held up on pedestal. Franklin went ahead to stress the need of work and set a good example to the others. He proved to them that he could be alone by his works were remarkable even in comparison to other European artist and literature writers. His writings were able to convince most people that indeed, what they said about America was not true.The Tone employedIn information to those who will remove to America, the tone that was employed by Franklin was very hard and correcting. All the rumors that had spread that was false accusation about America made Franklin very furious thus he employed the hard tone to show people that he was indeed depressed of what they talked about America. He then used the acerbic, vitriolic and corrective tones to put it clear to them on what they should know about America. He really made the Europeans understand that they were mistaking America. This is different from what most ministers and evangelists do today. They normally use the soft, motivating and convincing tones that they may gain favor from majority of people. It is clear that most of them work on filling the churches so that they may gain a lot in turn. The politicians on the other hand also employ the soft tone especially when the elections are near so that they may be voted back. No one of them has ever employed the harsh and correcting tone. Their focus is on money and not correcting people on certain issues.ConclusionMany people thought that Benjamin’s presence in Britain could mark the beginning of good relationship between America and Britain but unfortunately that was not the case, the British people did some sorts of things that disappointed Franklin and he responded to them through informative writing of pieces of essays. Remarks concerning the savages of North America talk about the behaviors and manners of Indians their response to certain things like advice, teachings, and other things (Franklin, p32). In rules by which a great empire can be reduced to small one, there are the basic principles that Benjamin wrote to address the ministers who had extensive dominions. The information to those who would re move to America talks about the responses that Benjamin issued to the European people who talked negatively about America in the four main rumors that were heard all over Europe. His writing made some European people to change their attitudes towards America. This developed good relationship between the Americans and European people and up to date, the relationship and coordination between the two is very strong. Thus, Franklin’s works have great influence to the modern society.The tones that Franklin employed in his writings were very effective and they had great impact. The modern society ministers and politicians have very different tones in comparison to Franklin’s. they normally work on winning people’s favor rather than correcting and guiding people.

Outsourcing White Collar Exodus - 1926 Words

While outsourcing may be beneficial to some of the companies partaking in it, the general consensus is that it ultimately proves to be harmful to the American workforce. The act of outsourcing and shifting many company call centers and technical support teams, or â€Å"low skill service jobs,† to foreign countries reduces jobs for those that could truly benefit from them within our own country. The unemployment rate has dramatically increased, and continues to rise, compared to what it has been in years past; yet there are numerous companies which still insist on handing over these â€Å"low skill service jobs† to people in other countries such as India. The most obvious and logical reason for outsourcing is reducing costs; people are working for†¦show more content†¦Much of the information received by these call centers needs to make its way back to the parent company. This could be information needed to improve a flaw in a product, or a task that should b e continued. The organization should be sure that all information is being properly relayed back and put into effect as needed. Some providers of outsourcing may be providing the same service for several companies at the same time. Due to this, they will not be able to provide 100% of their attention to any of these companies and their quality may not be up to par. This can reflect negatively on the company as the customer calling may not be aware that the call center is being run by an outside source and they may directly relate it to the company. So unless the service being provided is truly top notch, it may prove to be less beneficial to the parent company than expected. Though it may be cost-effective for the company to outsource a portion of their operation, there may be other costs involved. When initially setting up the operation there will be setup, building, and legal costs, as well as all the time and effort put toward setting up the entire operation. Though in the end there will be money savings, this initial setup will take a large sum of money to set up. Some organizations may not have the cash flow on hand to be able to set up such anShow MoreRelatedEconomic Globalization and China Essay2714 Words   |  11 Pagesengineers in India and China are now just as qualified as engineers in America, but at half the cost. The once large and prosperous service sector in the United States as well as telemarketing services have largely been sourced to India as a large exodus of American multinational corporations find cheaper workers who deliver comparable quality. This then seems to be the essence of globalization - businesses will go wherev er it’s cheaper and more cost effective to do business, but without sacrificingRead MoreA Project Study on ‚Äà ²Recruitment and Selection in Ims Learning Resources Pvt. Ltd‚Äà ´11571 Words   |  47 Pagesregistration of job seeker and tier placement in the notified vacancies. It is obligatory for employer to inform about the outcome of selection within 15 days to the employment exchange. Employment exchange is particularly useful in recruiting blue-collar, white- collar and technical workers. Employment agencies: In addition to the government agencies, there are number of private agencies that register candidates for employment and furnish a list of suitable candidates from theRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesdescribe this turbulent future. He states that managers need to be prepared to confront a period of chaotic change, or what he calls permanent â€Å"white water.† In his view, management of organizations used to be like a pleasant boat ride down a calm, quiet river, but the future will be different. It will be full of rapids, whirlpools, eddies, and endless white water.14 Libraries need to have experienced managers to take the helm as libraries continue their exhilarating journey into the future. Today’sRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesAgainst Drunk Driving, the Doris Day Animal League, Greenpeace and the National Organization for Women. More broadly, EBS reï ¬â€šects the explosive growth of jobs in which workers perform low-wage and limited tasks in white-collar settings. This has transformed towns like Hagerstown—a blue-collar community hit hard by industrial layoffs in the 1970s—into sites for thousands of jobs in factory-sized ofï ¬ ces. Many of these jobs, though, are part time and most pay far less than the manufacturing occupations

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two...

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens utilizes the characters, setting, conflicts, and other literary devices to convey the tone and establish an attitude about human beings and society. Dickens connects this novel with the French Revolution. Many of his descriptions refer back to the Revolution and help convey the tone of depression. Dickens saw similarities between the forces that led to the Revolution and the oppression and unrest occurring in England during his time (Cliff notes). Although he supported the idea of people rising up against tyranny, the violence that characterized the French Revolution disturbed him (Cliff†¦show more content†¦In this chapter the theme and tone is still mystery and unknown. The people Dickens describes in this chapter help set the tone. Dickens covers the messengers eyes with his hat cocked over his eyes...that assorted very well with that decoration, being of a surface black, with no depth in the color or form, and much too near though (Dickens, 11) to hide the character and set the tone as unknown and mysterious. The water as a metaphor...you get some insight every now and then only when the light shines int o it. All the men of this chapter are not actually named Jacques. Instead, the name serves as a code word that identifies all the followers of the coming revolution. Here the revolutionaries actually have an elaborate code that reveals itself in subtle ways. For instance, later Madame Defarges coughs and hair ornaments mean that someone dangerous is in the shop. Because the underground movements can work in secret codes and ways, they become more dangerous. The wine shop is a fitting place to hide the revolutionaries. 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MAIN CHARACTER: Jane- Jane is an inquisitive girl who believes some things around her without explanation and is defensive of her familyy and friends. ARead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream : Reality Versus Fantasy1079 Words   |  5 Pages Allison Miller ENC 1102 Professor 22 May 17 Reality Versus Fantasy In William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream,† he tells a tragic yet, comical tale that toys with the boundaries between realism and the fantastic. The play depicts the theme of how reality can often be manipulated by a fantasy due to the results of magical occurrences in the woods. Although the natural world we live in does not contain magic happenings, the play allows the audience to run wild with imagination

Enthalpy Lab Background Free Essays

Enthalpy, represented by the sign ? H in kJ/mol, is the heat change in a reaction. It shows whether how much heat is released or absorbed during the reaction. If the reaction is endothermic, the enthalpy would be positive and if the reaction is exothermic, the enthalpy would be negative. We will write a custom essay sample on Enthalpy Lab Background or any similar topic only for you Order Now During a chemical reaction, which consists of breaking and creating bonds, heat is either absorbed or released. In this lab, the reaction uses the disassociation of an ionic compound ammonium nitrate shown in the equation #1 below into ions. In order to disassociate ammonium nitrate into ions, energy is required. Both NH4 and NO3 are always soluble, therefore the ionic compound disassociates completely. Through equation #2, heat absorbed or released can be measured. In equation #2, q stands for the heat change in joules, m for the mass of the water in grams, C for the specific heat of water, and ? T for the change in temperature. By using the calorimeter with a stir rod, change in temperature is found. 1. NH4NO3(s) NH4(aq) + NO3(aq) 2. q=mC? T Free energy is a thermodynamic function that shows the available energy that can be converted into work. By using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which uses free energy and is shown in equation #3, spontaneity of the reaction can be found using enthalpy, temperature, and entropy. Free energy, unlike entropy, is an absolute way to determine whether the reaction is spontaneous or not. If the free energy is negative, then the reaction is spontaneous, whereas if the free reaction is positive, then the reaction is not spontaneous. If free energy is neither, meaning if the free energy is zero, the reaction has reached equilibrium, therefore not shifting to left or right. In this lab, the reaction shown in equation #1 reaches equilibrium, so the free energy of this reaction would be zero. Entropy, shown by the sign S, is the measurement of molecular randomness or disorder. It is given in J/K*mol and it determines the disorder by the number of molecular arrangements that are possible in the state, whether it is solid, liquid, or gas. The more arrangements there can be, or larger amount of mole there is, the higher the entropy. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is negative, it means that the reaction is increasing in order, or decreasing in disorder. If the change in entropy of a given reaction is positive, it means that the reaction is increasing in disorder. Generally, negative entropy of a given reaction means that the reaction is spontaneous, but not always. Both equation #3 and #4 can be used to find entropy. 3. ?G = ? H-T? S 4.? Sreaction=? pSproducts – ? nrSreactants In equation #4, if the entropies of the molecules involved in the reaction are known, then change of entropy in the overall reaction can be found by subtracting the sum of the entropy of the products by the sum of the entropies of the reactants. If the entropies of the molecules aren’t known like this lab, than equation #3 can be used to find the entropies of the reaction, where T represents temperature in Kelvin, ? G i s the change in the free energy in kJ/mol, ? H is the change in enthalpy in kJ/mole, and ? S is the change in entropy in J/K*mol. The enthalpy of the reaction shown in equation #1 can be calculated by the third equation using arithmetic because ? G is zero. And in this equation, the formula number 3, where ? G = ? H-T? S, Enthalpy must be greater that Entropy if the equation is to be positive. This is reason why this value is set to zero, because then by subtracting the enthalpy the value of entropy can be found. And through these methods, the value of G can be substituted in and to find the accepted value of ? H and ? S. The Kelvin is the accepted value, and the ? S can be found when plugged in ? H and ? G to be found as the zero value. The calculated entropy should match or be very close to the accepted entropy value for the dissolving of ammonium nitrate if the ionic compound is dissolved in water and the enthalpy determined by the calorimeter because the calorimeter shouldn’t have lost any heat to surrounding and all of the solid should have been dissolved. Through this method, the absorbance rate of FeCl3 can be estimated, just like how NH4NO3 can be found. How to cite Enthalpy Lab Background, Papers

Diploma of Business Management

Question: Discuss about the Diploma of Business Management. Answer: Introduction Business management in an organization is the activities associated with proper planning, organizing, leading and controlling the business operation. The organization chosen for this study is Tesco in Ireland. Tesco Ireland is the Irish arm of Tesco Supermarket Group (Tesco.ie. 2016). It operates full sized supermarket under the main Tesco Brand (Tesco.ie 2016). As per the record of 2012, Tesco controlled 28% of the total grocery market of Ireland (Tesco.ie 2016). The study will describe the role of management within the organization in term of P-O-L-C. The study will also analyze the role of human resource department, recruitment technique and appraisal technique for the organization. Apart from that, a range of controlling and monitoring technique of TESCO will also be evaluated within this study. Role of management within the organization (P-O-L-C) Factors Description Explanation Planning Vision Better shopping experience to everyday customers Growing business with full of opportunities Earning faith and loyalty from customers, employees and communities Innovative, modern and full of ideas Mission To be champion by improving the quality of customers life Provide great value an great product in an efficient manner Serving customers is at everything to be done Strategizing Focus on market dynamics Creating strong brand image Work smartly towards product customization Accountable with every action and inaction Goals To be globally known organization Strive for innovation and sourcing great quality and affordable products Helping communities through financially supporting them Organizing Organizational Structure Delegation of authority to capable employees Departmentalization depending on types of operation Resource Allocation Using 30% of group profit to open up 50 new franchise stores in all over the world Managers are given authority to use resources where necessary Leading Leadership style Top managers takes administrative decision Departmental managers controls their immediate subordinate Motivation Employee motivation through fair salary, incentives, bonus and profit sharing Competition among employees itself motivates them Communication Transparent communication among all the hierarchy level Low level managers easily approach high level managers Controlling Reporting system of sales persons Each sale person should report to market developer Evaluation system of sales person Evaluation of salesperson is done on quarterly basis Table: Management role in organization (Source: Tesco.ie. 2016) Personnel Management Role of Human Resource department Recruitment The human resources department of TESCO is responsible for recruiting right employees for right jobs. The HR managers of the organization are to forecast the balance between human resource demand and supply. This department also sources competent candidates from external sources, who will have matching skills needed by the job. Employee Relation The managers of human resource department are highly responsible for maintaining unionized work environment within the organization. TESCO highly focuses on building flexible work environment within the workplace. Therefore, the HR department is always concerned with mitigating the employee issues immediately. The department never gives the scope of employee confliction. Apart from that, the HR managers also take care of employee job satisfaction and motivation through fair wage, benefits and safety measures. Training and Development In order to provide unique and dynamic want of customers, the employees of TESCO have to be expert in their respective fields. According to Back, Parboteeah and Nam (2014), the HR managers identify the skills needed by the employees for achieving organizational goals. On the other hand, the managers provide all the necessary equipment to the employees for enhancing their skills towards organizational development. Tools and techniques used to recruit staff Applicant Tracking System (ATS) TESCO uses advance online technology for their recruitment purpose. ATS is such a technology that effectively track al the incoming CVs in the organization. With the advancement in technology, the organization also matches the skills of the candidates with the vacant position. Thus, it effectively assists in recruitment process and saves the time of HR managers. Interview technique Both video interview and face-to-face interview are used by TESCO in recruiting employees. In case of face-to face interview, the candidates come to TESCO campus and give interview in taken by HR mangers. The shortlisted candidates are given welcome notice after cracking the interview (Nedelko and Potocan 2013). On the other hand, in video interview technique, the candidates give interview at their convenience without coming to campus. The shortlisted candidates are given welcome notice over the mail through passing the interview. Tools and techniques used to appraise employees 360-Degree Appraisal TESCO use modern 360-degree appraisal technique for appraising their employees. In this technique, the employees are appraised based on reviews given by their colleagues, supervisors, subordinates and peers (Beadles et al. 2015). Peers, colleagues, supervisors and subordinates can provide better information regarding the employees to be appraised as they spend huge time with them. Therefore, the HR can get authentic information regarding the performance level of the employees through this technique. MBO approach In this appraisal technique, TESCO set the goals and standards of appraisal jointly with their employees. Goals are the output that each employee is to achieve over a period. On the other hand, HR managers also set the standard for measuring the performance level as an agreed term with individual employees (Rees and Smith 2014). Thus, the HR manager can easily evaluate the actual performance level of the employees while it deviates from set standard. Techniques used resolve conflict within the organization Win-Win Technique TESCO is an employee centric organization, which care for employees benefits. At the same time, the organization also has to look after its profit factors. Therefore, the organization uses Win-Win technique for resolving the employee confliction (Ouimet and Zarutskie 2014). The mangers never keep the scope, where employee confliction may lead to major employee dissatisfaction. In Win-Win technique, the HR managers of this organization come to mutual beneficial results with the employees. The mangers keep partly interest of the employees and partly interest of organization. Compromising TESCO also uses compromising technique in their confliction management technique. In this techniques, the HR mangers keeps the demands of the employees, while task are to complete within given within time boundary. Management and Leadership Difference between Management and Leadership Management and leadership go hand in hand, but still there are some differences. According to Schumacher et al. (2015), Management of TESCO frames the strategies and policies, which the employees are to follow. On the other hand, Ji et al. (2012) opined that Leaders guides and motivates employees to follow the strategies and policies. Management of this organization are more focused with systems and structures, whereas, leaders are more focused with developing people up to the standard set by the management. According to Randle, Leisch and Dolnicar (2013), the managers of TESCO generate good ideas for furthering their business. On the other hand, Espinilla et al. (2013) opined that leaders are implementing the ideas generated by management. Four Classic Leadership styles Democratic leadership TESCO can use democratic leadership styles for getting out more from teams. Ideas will move freely among the team members and superiors in this leadership styles. The leaders will provide scope for the employees to share their views in organizational success. Thus, the managers can get diverse set of solution to solve complex problems in dynamic situation. For instance, the leaders of Wal-Mart use democratic leadership and give employees enough freedom to share their concern regarding organization. This leadership styles has created flexible work environment and creative employees for the organization. Autocratic leadership style Autocratic leadership is characterized by leaders control over the decision making process and less input from the followers. Leaders just pass the decision to the followers and the followers are to follow the instruction as per the decision (Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor 2014). TESCO can use such leadership style, where decisions need to make quickly and get work accomplished effectively. It can down the morale of employees, as they are not involved in decision making process, but can also increase the productivity through adequate control over work structure. For example, IBM has used autocratic leadership style to get more control over the employees. Thus, they have become successful in creating an organized business with full of opportunities. Laissez-Faire Leadership In Laissez-Faire Leadership, the leaders do not much interfere in the work and decision making process (Boddy 2014). The decision making power is completely delegated to the employees. TESCO can use this leadership style, where their team members are extremely knowledgeable in their respective field. This leadership styles will create trust among the employees and they will show more creativity in their work. For instance, the leaders of Coles Australia have implemented this leadership style in their workplace. Thus, they are now able to motivate their employees towards adopting new changes. Charismatic leadership Charismatic leadership is implemented by employing such a person as a leader, who can be seen as an inspiring personality. These kinds of leaders should have expert and extraordinary knowledge in their field (Sonnentag, Unger and Ngel 2013). TESCO can apply this leadership style, where the employees need help of an expert hand to accomplish their job. It can also motivate employees by delegating them some authority in their work. For example, implementing Charismatic leadership in Infosys has improved the quality of their products, as the employees can perform accurately by getting expert help from the leaders. Standards and objectives for individual or group Monthly Target TESCO sets monthly target for each employee working in the organization. Each employee within the organization is to achieve specific set of goal at the end of every month. It is used as the standard for the employees, which they are to achieve. Based on their ability to achieve those set of goals, the employees are assessed. It will provide the progress level of the employees regarding their performance. Timeline TESCO set timeline for the task assigned to each employee. Timeline act as the standard for the employees, where they have to be able complete their task within the set timeline of the organization (Green et al. 2012). The strength and weakness of the employees are measured in terms of their accountability in accomplishing task within set time. Monitoring and controlling techniques Monitoring Techniques In order to monitor the success and sustainability of the organization, Tesco has thought of setting up five monitoring techniques, which can be referred to be performance indicators. Serial Number Monitoring Techniques Explanation 1 Customer retention Tesco has thought of retaining 70% of its consumers each year Delivery of service through employees is thought to be the core factor of customer retention 2 Gaining loyal consumers Tesco has thought of enhancing the consumer base by reaching up to 29.1% of new consumers This benchmark is supported by experienced marketing professionals from different nations 3 Customer shopping across channels 59.7% of the loyal consumers must try out multiple channel of products from Tesco New multichannel offerings must entertain all types of target market ranging from sized stores to grocery and online services 4 Family brand shopping Multichannel multibrand strategy covering interest of 64.3% of loyal consumers, who buy categorized items from Tesco only This helps in identifying creation of value across channels and brands 5 Loved by customers Beyond functional measures, Tesco believes in customer advocacy involving emotional connection with products Table: Tesco performance monitoring techniques (Source: Simonet and Tett 2013) Controlling Techniques Gap Analysis According to Fugate (2012), Tesco is one such multinational organization that constantly believes in addressing employee grievances and issues. Qualified service can only be delivered through satisfied employees and therefore, any issue from employees is instantly addressed. Figure: Gap Analysis (Source: Fugate 2012) Based on the above diagram, Tesco determines the amount of expectancy level at each financial year. The difference between present outcome and expected outcome will help in determining the gap. Such gap between management and employees are eradicated at every six months. Budget controlling using variance technique According to Ali (2013), the difference between expected budget and actual budget is termed as variance. Tesco controls its budgetary variance by increasing its amount of profit at each year. This is indicated by increase in sales revenue than budgeted. Plugge, Bouwman and Molina-Castillo (2013) pointed out that Tesco spots adverse variances quite before the actual happenings and reduces the same by cutting down wastage and thereby reducing costs. Termination of low performing employees and enhancing online promotions are the common ways that Tesco has taken till now for controlling budget. Non-budget Control Technique At present, Tesco follows seven non-budgetary control techniques. These are as follows: Serial Number Techniques Explanation 1 Statistical data All available and needed collectable data are presented in graph, table and charts. The representation helps in performance assessment. 2 Special report and analysis Particular performance areas are intruded through reports. Special staffs are appointed to collect such data and based on that gap is analyzed. 3 Break-even analysis Interrelationship between sales and expenses is analyzed. Volumes of revenues against expenses are also analyzed, helping financial stability. 4 Internal Audit Internal deviations are identified through this technique and necessary steps are taken. This is the most traditional technique that Tesco has taken. 5 Network Analysis Project evaluation and review technique through network diagram is analyzed. Sequence of events through critical path is determined against which operations are carried out. 6 Standard Costs Standard costs are calculated through labor and material cost against each units standard overhead cost. 7 Ratio Analysis Proper mix up and interrelationship of factors with each other is analyzed. The factors are net sales to inventory, administrative expenses to sales, net sales to working capital, quick ratio and break-even point. Table: Non-budget Control Techniques of Tesco Plc. (Source: Ouimet and Zarutskie 2014) Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that the role of management in TESCO are to plan, organize, lead and control the entire business operation. The mission of the organization is to be champion through improving the quality of customers life. The organization maintains transparent communication with the workplace among all hierarchy level. The role of human resource can be found in recruitment and employee relation. TESCO uses applicant tracking system and interview technique for recruiting capable employees for the organization. Along with maintaining effective organizational objectives, the organization concern for employees interest as well. They use Win-Win technique and compromising technique for resolving employee conflicts. Reference List Ali, A., 2013. How to differentiate between Leadershipand ManagementFunction in Organization: A Review of Scholarly Thoughts. International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies,2(1), pp.38-44. Back, Y., Parboteeah, K.P. and Nam, D.I., 2014. Innovation in emerging markets: The role of management consulting firms.Journal of International Management,20(4), pp.390-405. Beadles, I.I., Aston, N., Lowery, C.M. and Johns, K., 2015. The impact of human resource information systems: An exploratory study in the public sector.Communications of the IIMA,5(4), p.6. Boddy, C.R., 2014. Corporate psychopaths, conflict, employee affective well-being and counterproductive work behaviour.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.107-121. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N., 2014. The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,119(2), pp.265-273. Espinilla, M., de Andrs, R., Martnez, F.J. and Martnez, L., 2013. A 360-degree performance appraisal model dealing with heterogeneous information and dependent criteria.Information Sciences,222, pp.459-471. Fugate, M., 2012. The impact of leadership, management, and HRM on employee reactions to organizational change.Research in personnel and human resources management,31(1), pp.177-208. Green Jr, K.W., Zelbst, P.J., Bhadauria, V.S. and Meacham, J., 2012. Do environmental collaboration and monitoring enhance organizational performance?.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(2), pp.186-205. Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H. and Cai, Z., 2012. The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), pp.2995-3008. Nedelko, Z. and Potocan, V., 2013. The role of management innovativeness in modern organizations.Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy,7(1), pp.36-49. Ouimet, P. and Zarutskie, R., 2014. Who works for startups? The relation between firm age, employee age, and growth.Journal of financial Economics,112(3), pp.386-407. Plugge, A., Bouwman, H. and Molina-Castillo, F.J., 2013. Outsourcing capabilities, organizational structure and performance quality monitoring: Toward a fit model.Information Management,50(6), pp.275-284. Randle, M., Leisch, F. and Dolnicar, S., 2013. Competition or collaboration? The effect of non-profit brand image on volunteer recruitment strategy. Journal of Brand Management,20(8), pp.689-704. Rees, G. and Smith, P., 2014. An introduction to the organization, its environment and human resource management.Strategic Human Resource Management: An International Perspective, p.3. Schumacher, D., Schreurs, B., Van Emmerik, H. and De Witte, H., 2015. Explaining the Relation Between Job Insecurity and Employee Outcomes During Organizational Change: A Multiple Group Comparison.Human Resource Management. Simonet, D.V. and Tett, R.P., 2013. Five Perspectives on the LeadershipManagement Relationship A Competency-Based Evaluation and Integration. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(2), pp.199-213. Sonnentag, S., Unger, D. and Ngel, I.J., 2013. Workplace conflict and employee well-being: The moderating role of detachment from work during off-job time.International Journal of Conflict Management,24(2), pp.166-183. Tesco.ie. 2016.Tesco.ie. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.tesco.ie/

A Briefer History of Time Report

A Briefer History of Time Report Free Online Research Papers At the end of the first chapter, Hawking ends with a thought provoking statement; â€Å"Someday these answers may seem as obvious to us as the Earth orbiting the sun – or perhaps as ridiculous as a tower of turtles. Only time (whatever that may be) will tell.† He illustrates the elusive ambiguity of science – what we are determined to prove true today, we may laugh at tomorrow. In the first two chapters, Stephen Hawking describes what we live in to be a â€Å"strange and wonderful universe,† introducing his topic with contrast to the old fashioned theory of the flat world resting upon a tower of turtles, quoted earlier. What can we really prove, and how can we determine if the theories we have today are legitimate or if they are as ridiculous as a pile of turtles? He brings up and then disproves various past ideas of the world and the galaxy, like the world being flat; if the world was flat, the Greeks had reasoned, you would see a ship to appear first as a dot and then, as it got closer, you would gradually be able to make out more detail. However, the first thing you see are the ship’s sails, and then later you see it’s hull, and â€Å"the fact that a ship’s masts, rising high above the hull, are the first part if the ship to poke up horizon is evidence that the Earth is a ball.† He also introduces Newton’s la ws, his ideas of gravity, and the elliptical orbits of the planets. In the third chapter, Hawking defines the nature of a scientific theory, and the process of abandoning or modifying these theories. He gives us a brief understanding of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, while explaining that the two theories are inconsistent with each other; they cannot both be correct. The fourth chapter, entitled â€Å"Newton’s Universe,† talks about how gravity is proportional to mass. Although an object with twice the weight will have twice as much gravity pulling it down, it will also have twice the mass, thus it will only have half the acceleration per unit force. These two effects cancel each other out; therefore, every object has the same acceleration when falling. Another idea introduced in this chapter was the ambiguity of time and space. Hawking uses the example that if a person were on a train, bouncing a ping-pong ball, it would appear to them as if it was going straight up and down, whereas someone standing besi de the track would see the two bounces as forty meters apart, because the train would have raveled that far down the track between the bounces. In the fifth chapter, the fact that light travels at a very high yet finite speed is explained. Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Roemer observed that the eclipses of Jupiter’s moons were not evenly spaced. If Jupiter remained the same distance from the Earth at all times, the delay would be uniform for every eclipse. Because light has a farther distance to travel when Jupiter moves away from the earth, the light we would normally see is late. In addition, when Jupiter is closer to the earth, and the â€Å"signal† from each eclipse has les distance to travel, it arrives earlier. Ether is defined as a substance present everywhere, even in the vacuum of â€Å"empty† space. It is believed that light waves go through ether as sound waves do through air, and that, although different observers could see light coming toward them at different speeds, the light’s speed relative to the ether remains fixed. Hawking explains that â€Å"we must accept that time is not completely separate from and independent of space but is combined with it to form an object called space-time.† It is understood that position is relative; it is nothing unless compared to something else. In chapter six, a geodesic is explained as the shortest (or longest) distance between two points. The shortest distance between two points on the globe is along a great circle, or a circle around the globe (one of the largest circles you can draw on the globe) whose center coincides with the center of the earth. Therefore, although a straight line would be considered the shortest distance between two points, a curved geodesic is actually the shortest distance between two points on the globe. Some interesting topics in this chapter are the predictions of general relativity. General relativity predicts that gravitational fields should bend light. This means that the light from a distant star that passes near the sun would be deflected, appearing in a different position to someone on the Earth. Another prediction of general relativity is that time should appear to run slower near a massive body, such as the Earth. This prediction was tested in 1962 with a pair of very accurate clocks, mounted to the top and bottom of a water tower. The clock at the bottom was found to run more slowly, in exact agreement with general relativity. Our biological clocks are equally affected by this change in the flow of time. Throughout this chapter, the idea of absolute time was disproved. Chapter seven contains another discovery about the universe, that it is the same in every direction. It also introduces the method of parallax, using the change in relative position to plot locations. It was not possible to use this method for Edwin Hubble because the distances he was trying to find appeared fixed, because they were too far away. Instead, he catalogued the brightness of each star, dependant on the luminosity. The same types of stars have the same luminosity, and the types and luminosities of nearby stars could be determined, so Hubble was able to calculate the distance to that galaxy, eventually working out nine different galaxies. After this, he spent his time tracking where the galaxies were moving to, as most people expected them to be moving around quite randomly. He was surprised to find that every galaxy was moving away from us. This means that the universe could not be static or unchanging in size, rather it is expanding. This can be described by the e xpanding balloon model: â€Å"The situation is rather like a balloon with a number of spots painted on it being steadily blown up. As the balloon expands, the distance between any two spots increases, but there is no spot that can be said to be the center of the expansion. Moreover, as the radius of the balloon steadily increases, the farther apart the spots on the balloon, the faster they will be moving apart. For example, suppose the radius of the balloon doubles in one second. Two spots that were previously one centimeter apart will now e two centimeters apart (as measured along the surface of the balloon.)† In chapter eight, the big bang is explained, using reference to extreme temperatures, like one second after the big bang, when â€Å"the universe would have expanded enough to bring its temperature down to about ten billion degrees Celsius. This is about a thousand times the temperature at the center of the sun.† In addition, a black hole is explained as a collapsing star with a gravitational field so strong that light cannot escape. Therefore, these â€Å"black holes† are just black voids in space, stars massive enough where the escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light. Therefore, if light is not able to escape, how could anything else be able to? Black holes are very common – one satellite discovered fifteen hundred black holes in just one small area of the sky. If an astronaut was on the surface of a collapsing star, the change in gravity between his feet and the one o r two meters up to his head would literally â€Å"stretch him out like spaghetti or tear him apart before the star had contracted to the critical radius at which the event horizon formed.† Sometimes, when a very massive star collapses, parts of the star may be blown off in an explosion called a supernova. A supernova explosion is so gigantic that it can radiate more light than all the other stars in its galaxy combined. In chapter nine, quantum mechanics are used to describe the unavoidable element of unpredictability or randomness into science. The particles in this uncertainty behavior behave in some respects like waves. They do not have a definite position but are â€Å"smeared out† with a probability distribution. A nice way of visualizing this wave/particle duality is the â€Å"sum over histories† introduced by Feynman. Instead of a particle moving in one single path, it is supposed to go from point A to point B by every possible path. With each path between point A and point B, Feynman associated a couple of numbers – one represents the size of a wave, the other represents the position in the cycle. Quantum theory has been an outstandingly successful theory and underlies almost all of modern science and technology. Chapter ten, titled â€Å"Wormholes and Time Travel,† touches on the science-fiction aspects of true science. It is stated that traveling to the future is possible, if one accelerates to the speed of light. The first indication that traveling to the past might be possible was when Gà ¶del discovered a new solution to Einstein’s equations; that is, â€Å"a new space-time allowed by the theory of general relativity.† His space-time had the curious property that the universe was rotating. There is a problem, however, with breaking the speed-of-light barrier. The theory of relativity states that the rocket power needed to accelerate a spaceship gets greater and greater the nearer it gets to the speed of light. Particles so far can be accelerated up to 99.99% of the speed of light, but they cannot get them beyond the speed-of-light barrier. There is a possible way out of this predicament – a wormhole, which is a think tube of space-time that connects tw o nearly flat regions far apart. In chapter eleven, force-carrying particles are grouped into four different categories, the first being the gravitational force. This force is universal, and every particle feels the force of gravity according to its mass or energy. The second is electromagnetic force, which interacts with electrically charged particles, and is much stronger than the gravitational force. The third category is called the weak nuclear force. We do not come in direct contact with this force, however it is responsible for radioactivity – the decay of atomic nuclei. The last category, and the strongest of all forces, is the strong nuclear force. This is another force with which we don’t have direct contact, yet it is responsible for holding most of our everyday world together. Without the strong force, the electric repulsion between the positively charged protons would blow apart every atomic nucleus in the universe (except those of hydrogen gas.) This chapter also touches on the str ing theory. In string theories, the basic objects are things that have length but no other dimension, and they either have ends (open strings) or they may be joined up with themselves in closed loops (closed strings.) String theories lead to infinities, but it is thought that in the right version they will all cancel out (though this is not known for certain.) Also, these theories seem only to be consistent if space-time has either ten or twenty-six dimensions instead of the usual four. There are many problems with more than three space dimensions. In four dimensions, the gravitational force would drop to 1/8th, in five to 1/16th, and so on. The orbits of planets around the sun would be unstable. People have searched for the underlying theory, but so far, it has been without success. In Newton’s time, it was possible for an educated person to have a grasp of the whole human knowledge; today that clearly is not true. The goal of science is to get a complete understand ing of the events around us, and of our own existence. Research Papers on A Briefer History of Time ReportThe Hockey GameEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentThe Spring and AutumnHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresLifes What Ifs

salvador dali essays

salvador dali essays Salvador Dali was born on may 11, 1904 in Figueres, Spain. He was born to a middle class family and he spent much of his time in his families summer home in Cadaques, the place where his first studio was built. From early on Dali was considered a child prodigy and began painting before the age of ten. His style of art never stayed in the same format and as he grew older he never gave up the childhood environment that influenced his work. As he grew up he played with various artistic methods such as Impressionism, Pointillism, Italian In 1921 Dali began studying at the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid and began to pursue his painting. He was most interested in Cubism and Futurism so thats what he pursued the most. In the academy he learned from the many great Spanish modernists and the Italian futurists he loved. In June of 1923 Dali was suspended from the academy because he was able to get students to rebel against authority but he was let back in 1925 and not even a year later he was expelled. When Dali left the academy he moved to Paris and began following the Parisian surrealists. Dali joined the surrealists in 1929 and began perfecting his craft. He was fascinated by the writings of a psychologist named Sigmund Freud and began taking and interest in philosophy and literature. Freuds interpretation on life and dreams is what ultimately changed Dalis style of painting. Dali life ambition was to paint what Freud was feeling and add his own twist. Dali felt that Freud solved all of his problems from his childhood and based all of his paintings around that theory. Dali began a stage of surrealist painting and even joined a surrealists group in Paris led by Andre Breton. Soon after that he became the leader of the surrealists movement holding one man art Surrealism is an art style in which imagery is based on fantasy and ...

Mobile Services Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mobile Services - Research Proposal Example Some of the services available on a mobile phone include voice call, text messaging, video conferencing, ring tones, weather, news, horoscopes, music, emails, mobile internet, video camera, Bluetooth, MP3, still camera, WiFi, mobile television, gaming, Microsoft Office programs, multimedia messaging including pictures and photos, data access and transfer with personal computers, and a number of other value added features. Many people and organisations have carried out a number of researches to find out the impact of new and varied mobile services on users. These market researches are particularly important when new products and services are to be produced. Nielson company has announced that they will conduct a research study to find out the most frequently used mobile phone functions (Balan, 2007). The purpose of this research is to identify the areas which appeal to mobile phone users, and hence target efforts to develop new and novel ways to enhance services in these areas. For instance, if consumers prefer to use text services over watching mobile television; the companies can enhance text messaging option by providing word editor etc. on their mobile phones; and pull back from providing mobile television services since these do not attract consumers' attention. As Balan (2007) quotes, "Reliable and accurate measurement of mobile consumers will enable advertisers to properly evaluate the mobile ma rketing opportunity. Independent measurement of the cross-media behavior of the growing mobile audience will support and accelerate the evolution of mobile media business models" (Jeff Herrmann - Vice President of Nielsen Wireless). Despite the fact that an increasing number of people keep and use mobile phones, there are groups of people who think that using mobile phones in public is annoying and should be discontinued. Monk, Carroll, Parker, and Blythe conducted a study in 2004 on this topic and the results show that many people believe that face to face meeting is much more effective than mobile phone calls. In addition, the research revealed that people generally disapprove mobile phones ringing in churches, trains, funerals and other events and places of such nature. It is generally treated as unethical as per the research (Monk Carroll Parker Blythe, 2004, p.33-41). In addition, there are some controversies regarding mobile phone use, with regard to medical and health issues. Many people have raised voices against mobile phone usage claiming that it results into brain cancer and other medical disorders, especially in children. BBC News (2000) published a story regarding the cries against mobile phone usage in children, and provided results of various researches on the topic. The summarised results indicated that although there were no proven medical problems from the use of cellular phones, yet children should be kept away from mobile phones until absolutely necessary. This and similar news items and researches have contributed a great deal in reducing the number of mobile phone users and have even more affected the use of other mobile services besides voice calls and text messaging. The recent introduction of third generation (3G) mobiles has revolutionised the way mobile communication used to work. 3G mobiles provide high data speed, better voice and data transfer quality and high availability. However, as per the resear

W2 Assign Human Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W2 Assign Human Capital - Essay Example ess, then changing the procedure or process to enhance the output, boost efficiency and also the efficiency of the procedure or process (Cokins, 2009). The link between PM and improvement of performance is that their main goals of are to boost organisational efficiency and effectiveness to enhance the ability of the company to deliver services and/or goods. Another area, at times, targeted for both PM and improvement of performance is organisational efficacy, which concerns the process of setting organisational objectives and goals (Cokins, 2009). Performance management and improvement normally concern processes like statistical quality management and other softer forms of assessment like customer satisfaction surveys that are applied in obtaining qualitative information on performance from the stance of customers (Cokins, 2009). Traditional HR measurement systems mainly center on efficiency, but in order to transform this into strategic human capital management, they should attention paid to efficiency and effectiveness by measuring turnover, bench strength and attitudes (Merkle, 2011). Rarely do human resource leaders think about the impact and relative effect of diverse talent pools on organisational performance (Merkle, 2011). More significant, traditional HR measurements are hardly ever directed particularly to where they are most prone to have the utmost impact–on key/vital talent. Traditional HR management systems need to pay more concern to nonfinancial impacts, as well as sustainability needs to be improved, and strategic human resource management can persuade these, as well (Merkle, 2011). The key activities that HR managers need to participate in to be successful have to do with how corporate strategies associate with human capital management. Studying the organisations keenness to implemen t diverse strategies and supporting the execution of the corporate strategy should be activities that are conducted much more often by efficient HR functions

Immanuel Kant Theory of Justice

Immanuel Kant Theory of Justice The philosopher Immanuel Kant believed that his retributive theories of justice were based in logic and reason. The retributive stance on punishment states that punishment is necessary, and indeed, justified, on the basis that the act of committing crime deserves punishment. The strict guidelines Kants theories created, coupled with the very nature of retributive justice fuelled the arguments of those of Kants critics who claimed his approach would lead to harsh and ineffective sentencing. It is my intention to use this paper as a means of exploring and addressing these claims. Judicial punishment can never be used merely as a means to promote some other good for the criminal himself or for civil society, but instead it must in all cases be imposed on him only on the ground that he has committed a crime; for a human being ought never to be manipulated merely as a means related to anothers purposes First, he must be found to be deserving of punishment before consideration can be given to the utility of this particular punishment for himself or for fellow citizens  [1]  . Upon considering the above it is clear that, in Kants view, the only purpose punishment should serve is to penalize the criminal for committing a crime. Whether or not the punishment could have an affect on the criminals propensity to reform is therefore irrelevant. The punishment is there to punish the criminal for the crime they have committed; nothing more, nothing less. This leads on to the theory of just deserts. This theory is now considered to be one of the more prominent views on the subject of the punishment of criminals  [2]  . The key belief of the principle being that offenders must deserve punishment: [in] the everyday thinking about punishment, the idea of desert figures prominently. Ask the person on the street why a wrongdoer should be punished, [and] he is likely to say that he deserves it  [3]  . Kant advocated two principles regarding the way punishment should be meted out. As we have established above, the first of which is that the only right and proper grounds for punishment is that the criminal deserves it. And so it follows that punishing a criminal with the aim of promoting happiness, reformation or deterrence would run contrary to the categorical imperative by making the punishment a means to an end. Kants categorical imperative is the universal law that states that all people must act in a morally correct manner at all times. Therefore ones own desires or wishes cannot be taken into account when making a decision, as no one persons desires should be prioritized above anothers. The desired outcome of any action must be to avoid causing harm or inflicting damage upon another person. In this regard, Kant defines an act as morally correct if it can be applied as a universal law. For example: I will never tell the truth would be deemed to be immoral because it could not b e applied as universal law as, in the event of everyone having to never tell the truth, the truth would lose its significance. In simpler terms, when considering Kants categorical imperative, the logical approach surely dictates that we must consider the affect our own actions will have on others, and then to avoid carrying out actions that will harm or hinder the rights of others. The second of Kants principles regarding punishment relates to proportionality; the sentence received should be proportionate to the crime committed. Kants theories of autonomy and free decision making make up the foundations for his view on just deserts. The theory submits, first of all, that everybody is duty bound to respect each others rights. Kant goes on to suggest that adhering to the law is a sacrifice of ones right to freedom of choice. Therefore, those that commit crime gain an unfair advantage over those that do not. Punishment is used as a means to redress the balance between the law abiding citizens and the criminals, removing any unfairly gained advantage from the criminals. The punishment is intended to punish no more or less than relates to the advantage gained. It follows, therefore, that deterrence and reformation bear no relevance to this method of sentencing. This type of justice system is still relevant today, and indeed, has been put to use by some governments. The U.S. State of California has rigorously applied retributive punishment philosophies to its court system. Retributive justice has been applied in California since the inception of the Determinate Sentencing Law: The Legislature finds and declares that the purpose of imprisonment for crime is punishment  [4]  . One of the key policies of Californias justice system is the three strike rule. The three strike rule was introduced in 1994  [5]  . Its main purpose was to punish repeat offenders by handing out long sentences a minimum of twenty-five years to those that have been convicted of a felony and already have two strikes for violence on their record. Sentencing under these guidelines leads to particularly long, and critics say, ineffective, sentences  [6]  . The policy has been successful in that it has kept criminals off the streets for longer  [7]  , but it can be argued that the detrimental effects, such as criminals receiving life sentences for what amounts to petty offences the third strike doesnt have to be a violent offence outweigh the beneficial effects. This policy also conflicts with Kants categorical imperative in that receiving a life sentence for being convicted of shoplifting  [8]  (as the third strike) is not proportionate. We have already established that Kants intention is for individuals who have been found to have broken the law to receive punishment that is relative to the advantage that they have gained by committing the crime. If the above assessment were to hold true it would mean that Andrew von Hirschs proclamation regarding the opinion of the person on the street  [9]  would surely be correct. Despite this, one could argue there to be various potential flaws present within the theory. Not the least of which is how to apply this theory of punishment to a criminal that has gained no discernible advantage from their crime. For example: A boy living alone with his mother is periodically abused by her. He is subjected to sustained mental, physical and sexual assaults that he is powerless to prevent. He is kept locked up for the majority of his time at home and is threatened that, were he to tell anyone of what he has suffered, he would receive more severe abuse. The abuse continues as he grows older and eventually he fights back. On this occasion he hears his mother approaching him via the stairs that lead to his room. He rushes to the top of the stairs and pushes her down them, resulting in her death. I would suggest that it is certainly arguable that the boys only intention was for the abuse to stop, rather than an intention to kill or seriously injure his mother. SOURCE IT UP It surely would not be right to say that there has been any advantage gained in this example. The rest of society is not expected to endure such abuse, and so it follows that the boy was already at a disadvantage. Also, surely th e victim in this crime was herself guilty of not respecting the rights of her son, as per Kants theory of just desert. This would surely lend weight to the line of thinking that it would be unfair to punish the criminal in this, albeit radical example, where there has been no advantage gained, by the very same principles applied to those that have gained some advantage. This example seems to support the beliefs of Kants critics  [10]  , and certainly strengthens the view that two wrongs dont make a right. Kant endorsed capital punishment as a suitable punishment for murderers  [11]  . This stance is a good example of Kants beliefs regarding proportionality; a life for a life. However, this stance also goes some way to strengthening the claims of those that believe Kants philosophy encourages harsh sentencing  [12]  . This leads on to the area of Kants philosophy that has attracted the most criticism. How can ending the autonomy of another, criminal or otherwise, be in keeping with Kants theories regarding categorical imperative? To use Kants own words, to hand out capital punishment must surely be classed as FIND SOME RELEVANT WORDS. Why is it that this stance can be upheld in relation to suicide or murder, but disregarded when it comes to the punishment of a criminal? Again, we turn to the view of Andrew von Hirsch, who said: A person who violates the rules has something others have the benefits of the system but by renouncing what others have assumed, the burdens of self-restraint, he has acquired an unfair advantage. Matters are not even until this advantage is in some way erased à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Justice that is punishing such individuals restores the equilibrium of benefits and burdensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  [13]   Kant justifies such an approach by saying [the criminal] draws the evil deed back to himself when he suffers that which according to the penal law is the same as what he has inflicted on others. According to this line of thinking, a criminal that has murdered somebody else has done so because they have made a choice to do so, and in doing so, they have gained an advantage over the victim. In other words: A kills B because A didnt like the look of B. By murdering B, A has sought to gain an advantage over the rest of law abiding society, who by adhering to the law, have sacrificed their freedom of choice. So, As choice to murder B, is deemed to be A unfairly reclaiming his freedom of choice. However, if A is punished via capital punishment, it is not to gain any advantage, it is merely to punish A for the crime he has committed in a proportionate manner. He has taken a life, therefore his own becomes forfeit. Again, though, there is a case for arguments against Kants stance on the ma tter. How can theory stand up in cases where the criminal has not acted out of any rational thought? How can Kants view apply in cases where the criminal has lost their mind to insanity and acted on instinct rather than choice? There is no reason, no autonomy in such an instance. In conclusion, I believe Kants theory on punishment to promote certain values which are of utmost importance to society. Namely, the categorical imperative and, in particular, his view on morally correct actions. However, there is perhaps, something robotic about his theory. It would be wonderful if everybody told the truth all of the time, regardless of consequence. It would be equally wonderful if people did not commit crime at all. I believe that asking everyone to follow the same universal laws, while noble and beneficial in theory, cannot be achieved due to the complexity and intrinsic selfishness of human beings. Similarly, to punish them in such a way; without taking deterrence, the propensity to reform, or any other individual factors pertaining to a given case, such as circumstance and state of mind, would be unfair. While I agree that proportionality would offer certain advantages when sentencing, such as adherence to the rule of law; everyone is treated equally. Kants stan ce on punishment also presents its fair share of problems. Namely, that peoples actions are often dictated by circumstance, which obviously would not be taken into consideration under the guide lines laid out by Kant, and presented throughout this essay. Owing to this fact, I believe that Kants stance on punishment would be perfect in an ideal world. However, as unfortunate as this fact is: we do not live in an ideal world.

Essay “Walking or Biking versus Driving a Car”

Walking and Driving Walking is the motion of exerting energy. Driving is the usage of the foot to accelerate from the gas to the break or vice versa. How does walking compare to driving? Which one of the two gives a good feeling afterwards? Is there even a difference between walking and driving? Walking is using the human body to move from one place to another in a certain pace. Walking takes energy. To get energy, food and water is needed in the human body system.To reach a certain destination, walking takes a pretty good amount of time. How is it that walking seems to take longer than driving, even when a person walks at Walking or Biking versus Driving a Car Transportation is the key to survival in our world today . When one is not equipped to travel to and from places in an efficient and timely manner , the repercussions can be severe . Some of the repercussions involved are losing your job or missing an important appointment .This is why we always choose to travel by the fastest method available . Unfortunately , the motorized forms of transportation such as driving a car , holds tremendous negative effects for the person and our environment . We have also lost touch with the simpler , yet more enjoyable forms of transportation from our youth . I am talking about being able to take long walks , or riding my bicycle down the road to get to where it is I want to go . I remember when I was little and attending grammar school at the nearby public school.I fondly recall that each morning , I would hurriedly get dressed and wolf down my breakfast and then my mother and I would walk hand in hand as she took me to school . I was able to bond a lot with my mother during that time . The most memorable times of my life were of taking walks with my mother as we did her errands at local merchants . Each afternoon, I would accompany her to the local grocer , laundry shop ,and other places and then , if I was a really behaved child , my mother would take me to the soda s hop before we headed home.When I got older ,my mother allowed me to walk to school with my friends and classmates . This made going to school even more fun for me because I got to know my neighbors and classmates before class . Going to school was not something I dreaded because it was like a game for me and my friends . These memories are things I treasure from my youth . It was only later on in life that I learned that by walking to my various destinations, I was not only making valuable memories , but I was also keeping myself  healthy and fit by giving myself the best form of cardiovascular exercise — walking.By walking, I allowed myself to breath-in fresh air . The fresh air helped to clean up and strengthen my lungs in the process . I guess this is why even to this day , I always talks walks for nearby errands . I am also a member of an unofficial walking club that meets on weekends at the park for early morning walks . When I reached High School , I was suddenly thru st into a fast paced world that required a faster mode of transportation other than my two feet.Admittedly , talking walks with my friends was great , but we could not afford to be late to school nor take separate buses to school either . The problem was solved when I got my first two-wheeled bicycle at the same time as my friends . I personally enjoyed this activity because it combined my two†¦ The idea may sound absurd, but there’s a legitimate insight behind it. Walking burns calories, which come from food—and it takes an enormous quantity of fossil fuels to produce, process, and transport everything that we eat.Add in the other GHGs from agriculture—everything from cow manure to emissions from synthetic fertilizers—and you’ve got a potent global warming cocktail in every glass of milk. But our doppelgangers at the Pacific Institute did their homework, compiling evidence about climate emissions from both cars and food. And they came to the conclusion that walking emits about one-quarter the GHGs of driving—earning a partial retraction from Tierney. (You go, PacInst! ) But looking at the numbers, I think that the Pacific Institute’s numbers are conservative.In fact, I think that when I take a short walk, I’m being at least 12 times as friendly to the climate as if I drove. Your mileage may vary, of course; but my shoes get about 220 miles per gallon. Here are a handful of reasons why I think that walking look even more climate friendly than the Pacific Institute’s estimates suggest: What would a walker be doing otherwise? Walking burns calories, but a person also burns calories while driving, or just loafing around.So what matters isn’t the total calories your body burns during a walk, but the marginal calories from walking vs.  driving + whatever else you’d do with your time. CalorieLab gives some helpful clues: for a half-hour walking trip, they estimate that a 176 pound pe rson (the average of the median weights for men and women in the US) burns about 106 extra food calories, compared with a 5 minute drive and 25 minutes of watching TV. This figure is slightly less than the figure the Pacific Institute used. And if you do anything more strenuous than sit on your butt for those 25 minutes, then the food-calorie â€Å"advantage† of driving narrows even further.